Indoctrination
Origin
probably from Middle English endoctrinen, from Anglo-French endoctriner, from en- + doctrine doctrine
Definitions
- 1: to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments : teach
- 2: to imbue with a usually partisan or sectarian opinion, point of view, or principle
Description
Indoctrination is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology (see doctrine). It is often distinguished from education by the fact that the indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned. As such it is used pejoratively, often in the context of political opinions, theology or religious dogma. Instruction in the basic principles of science, in particular, can not properly be called indoctrination, in the sense that the fundamental principles of science call for critical self-evaluation and skeptical scrutiny of one's own ideas, a stance outside any doctrine. In practice, however, a certain level of non-rational indoctrination, usually seen as miseducative, is invariably present. The term is closely linked to socialization; in common discourse, indoctrination is often associated with negative connotations, while socialization refers to cultural or educational learning.
Religious indoctrination
Religious indoctrination, the original sense of indoctrination, refers to a process of imparting doctrine in a non-critical way, as in catechism Most religious groups among the revealed religions instruct new members in the principles of the religion; this is now not usually referred to as indoctrination by the religions themselves, because of the negative connotations the word has acquired. Mystery religions require a period of indoctrination before granting access to esoteric knowledge.
Military indoctrination
The initial psychological preparation of soldiers during training is referred to (non-pejoratively) as indoctrination. See Recruit training.
Information security
In the field of information security, indoctrination is the initial briefing and instructions given before a person is granted access to secret information.
Criticism
Noam Chomsky remarks, "For those who stubbornly seek freedom, there can be no more urgent task than to come to understand the mechanisms and practices of indoctrination. These are easy to perceive in the totalitarian societies, much less so in the system of 'brainwashing under freedom' to which we are subjected and which all too often we serve as willing or unwitting instruments."
Robert Jay Lifton argues that the objective of phrases or slogans like "blood for oil," or "cut and run," is not to continue reflective conversations but to replace them with emotionally appealing phrases. This technique is called the thought-terminating cliché.[1]
